At what age does a person become an adult in Islam?

Sources

• ✓ Al-Kafi 3:101

  Shia

  Al-Kafi · Book 3, Hadith 101

  I heard Abu Abdullah (peace be upon him) when he was asked about the First and the Last. He said, 'The First is without a prior first or beginning that precedes it. The Last is without an end, as is understood from the attributes of created beings. But He is ancient, first, last, never starting nor ending, untouched by origination or transition from one state to another. He is the Creator of all things.' — OR — The first revelation to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) was: "In the name of your Lord, the Most Merciful, read." And the last of it was: "When the help of Allah arrives." — OR — If you wish to embalm the deceased, apply camphor wiping it on the places of prostration, on all his joints, head, beard, and chest from the embalming materials. He said embalming for men and women is the same. He disliked that a censer be used during the procession following the deceased. — OR — Regarding a man who slaughtered a pigeon from the sanctuary's pigeons, he said, "He must pay compensation for it." I asked, "Will he eat it?" He replied, "No." I asked, "Will he discard it?" He said, "In that case he must pay another compensation." I asked, "Then what does he do with it?" He said, "He buries it." — OR — Sahl ibn Ziyad narrated from al-Husayn ibn Bashar al-Wasiti who said: I wrote to Abu Ja'far (peace be upon him) asking about marriage. He wrote back to me: 'Whoever proposes to you, and you are pleased with his religion and trustworthiness, marry him. Otherwise, there will be tribulation on the earth and great corruption.' — OR — Bakr ibn Muhammad al-Azdi said: I entered upon Abu Abdullah (peace be upon him) with Ali ibn Abdul Aziz, and he asked me, "Who is this?" I said, "A freed slave for us." He said, "Have you freed him or his father?" I said, "His father." He said, "This is not your freed one; he is your brother and cousin. The freed slave is the one upon whom the favor has passed; if it passed on his father, then he is your brother and cousin." — OR — I asked him: When does a boy become subject to full hudud punishments? He replied: When he passes the age of childhood and becomes mature. I said: Is there a specific limit by which this is known? He said: When he reaches puberty, or turns fifteen, or shows signs of maturity such as pubic hair growth or other indications, full hudud are applied and enforced against him. I asked: When are full hudud obligations on a slave girl? He replied: The slave girl is not like the boy. When the slave girl marries and is consummated, and reaches nine years of age, childhood ends for her, her wealth is given to her, and her affairs in trade and transactions become permissible. Full hudud are applied to her and enforced. The boy, however, is not permitted to engage in transactions or leave childhood until he reaches fifteen years, or attains puberty or shows signs of maturity earlier.

• ✓ Sahih al-Bukhari 52:28

  Sunni SAHIH

  Sahih al-Bukhari · Book 52, Hadith 28 · Narrated by Ibn Umar

  The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) gave his daughter in marriage on the day of Uhud when she was fourteen years old but did not approve. Then he gave her in marriage on the day of the Trench (Khandaq) when she was fifteen and approved. Nafi' said that he later met Umar ibn Abdul Aziz, who ordered that the age of fifteen was the dividing line between the child and adult and instructed his officials to accept only from those who had reached fifteen.