Can we pray after sex if we didn't ejaculate?
The issue of praying after sexual activity without ejaculation is addressed in various hadith. Generally, the consensus among scholars is that if a man has intercourse with his wife but does not ejaculate, he should perform ablution (wudu) and wash his private parts before praying.
For instance, Uthman ibn Affan reported that if a man has intercourse without discharge, he should perform ablution as for prayer and wash his private part.
Sahih Muslim 3:103. Similarly, the Prophet ﷺ is reported to have said, If anyone of you experiences that, let him wash his private parts and perform ablution.
Sunan Ibn Majah 2:239.
This indicates that the act of washing and performing ablution is necessary to ensure one is in a state of ritual purity before engaging in prayer, even if there was no ejaculation. Thus, it is permissible to pray after such an encounter, provided that the necessary cleansing steps are followed.
Sources
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Sahih Muslim 3:103
Sahih Muslim · Book 3, Hadith 103 · Narrated by Abu ibn Ka'b
I asked Uthman ibn Affan, 'What about if a man has intercourse with his wife and no discharge occurs?' Uthman said, 'He should perform ablution as for prayer and wash his private part.' Uthman said he heard this from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). Also, Abu Iyub heard similar from the Prophet (peace be upon him).
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Sunan Ibn Majah 2:239
Sunan Ibn Majah · Book 2, Hadith 239 · Narrated by Al-Miqdad ibn al-Aswad
He asked the Prophet (peace be upon him) about a man who approaches his wife without ejaculation. The Prophet said: "If anyone of you experiences that, let him wash his private parts and perform ablution."
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