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Did the prophet ever seek a doctor or tabib?

Yes, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ did seek medical treatment and acknowledged the importance of medicine. In a narration found in Sunan al-Tirmidhi, the Bedouins asked the Prophet, "O Messenger of Allah, should we seek treatment?" He replied, "Yes, O servants of Allah, seek treatment, for Allah has not placed a disease except that He has placed its cure or remedy, except for one disease." They asked, "And what is it?" He said, Old age. Sunan al-Tirmidhi 28:3SunniSahih (per Al-Albani)

Additionally, in Al-Kafi, there is a narration where Ismail ibn al-Hasan al-Mutabbib discusses medicine with Abu Abdullah, who mentions that even in the context of illness, there are permissible treatments. He states, The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) was sick, and Aisha said to him, 'You have pleurisy.' He replied, 'I am more deserving with Allah, the Exalted, not to be afflicted with pleurisy.' Then he was ordered to be drained with cupping with patience. Al-Kafi 1:229Shia

These narrations illustrate that the Prophet recognized the value of seeking medical help and that treatments were sought during his time.

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