Does one need to not consume any alcohol or drugs at least 30 days prior to the 1st day of Ramadan?
The Qur'an discusses the prohibition of intoxicants, which includes alcohol and drugs, but it does not specify a requirement to abstain for a set period of time before Ramadan. The general guidance regarding intoxicants is clear: Every intoxicating drink is forbidden.
Sahih al-Bukhari 4:108.
In the context of Ramadan, a hadith from Al-Kafi explains that Indeed, God Almighty frees some slaves from the fire at the breaking of every fast each night in Ramadan, except for one who breaks the fast by drinking an intoxicant. Whoever drinks an intoxicant, his prayer is not counted for forty days, and if he dies during that time, he dies a death like that of the age of ignorance.
Al-Kafi 7:97.
This indicates the seriousness of consuming intoxicants, particularly during the sacred month of Ramadan, as it affects one's spiritual status and acceptance of prayers. However, the requirement to abstain for a full 30 days prior to Ramadan is not explicitly mentioned in the sources. Instead, the focus is on avoiding intoxicants during Ramadan itself and the consequences of failing to do so.
Sources
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Sahih al-Bukhari 4:108
Sahih al-Bukhari · Book 4, Hadith 108 · Narrated by Aisha
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "Every intoxicating drink is forbidden."
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Al-Kafi 7:97
Al-Kafi · Book 7, Hadith 97
Indeed, God Almighty frees some slaves from the fire at the breaking of every fast each night in Ramadan, except for one who breaks the fast by drinking an intoxicant. Whoever drinks an intoxicant, his prayer is not counted for forty days, and if he dies during that time, he dies a death like that of the age of ignorance. — OR — Whoever has the means to feed (the poor) must not fast; he should feed ten poor people a sa' each. If he cannot find them, then fasting three days suffices.
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