Does swallowing saliva break one's fast?
Swallowing saliva does not break one's fast. This is supported by a narration in Al-Kafi where it states, He was asked about phlegm breaking the fast. He said no.
Al-Kafi 2:161. This indicates that saliva, which is similar to phlegm in context, does not invalidate the fast. Thus, one can swallow their saliva without concern for breaking their fast.
Sources
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Al-Kafi 2:161
Al-Kafi · Book 2, Hadith 161
I asked him about a man about whom two men of his religion disagreed, each narrating about the matter: one commanding to accept it and the other forbidding it. How should he act? He said: Let him delay until he meets someone who informs him, and he is at ease until he meets him. In another narration, "Whomever you take from, by way of submission, that suffices you." — OR — The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) would not leave a gathering, no matter how light, without seeking forgiveness from Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, twenty-five times. — OR — He was asked about phlegm breaking the fast. He said no. — OR — I was with Abu Abdullah (peace be upon him) when a man from our companions came to him. He said to him, 'May Allah set you right. Sometimes a person among us is afflicted with hardship or distress and is called to construction work: to build it, to dig a canal, or to repair a dam. What do you say about that?' Abu Abdullah (peace be upon him) said, 'I do not like that I have contracted a bond for them, nor have I given them a surety. Indeed, for me, there will be no inkpot's length of time. The helpers of the unjust on the Day of Resurrection will be in tents of fire until Allah judges among the servants.' — OR — Al-Ma'mun asked al-Ridha (peace be upon him) about the meaning of Allah's saying: "Do not expel them from their houses, nor should they leave except bringing forth a clear immorality." He said this means a clear immorality is that she harms the people of her husband. If she does this, and he wishes to expel her before her waiting period ends, then he may do so. — OR — Muhammad ibn Abi Umair, the seller of Sabiri, died and bequeathed to me. He left a wife only and no other heir. I wrote to the Abd al-Salih (peace be upon him) and he wrote back to me: Give the wife one-quarter, and bring the rest to us.
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