How could a Muslim pray from the Moon?
In the context of a Muslim praying from the Moon, the concept of facing the Qibla, which is the direction of the Ka'bah in Mecca, is crucial. According to a narration in Al-Kafi, when asked about praying at night and day when neither the sun, the moon, nor the stars are visible, it was stated: Make your best effort to determine the Qibla.
Al-Kafi 4:77. This indicates that even in unusual circumstances, such as being on the Moon, a Muslim should strive to find the correct direction to face during prayer.
Additionally, another narration from Al-Kafi discusses the situation of a person who is above the Ka'bah. It mentions: If he stands, he has no Qibla. But he lies on his back, opens his eyes towards the sky, mentally directs himself to the Qibla in the sky, the Ma'mur House, and recites. When he wants to bow, he closes his eyes, and when he wants to raise his head from bowing, he opens his eyes. Prostration is done likewise.
Al-Kafi 4:540. This guidance suggests that if one is unable to physically orient themselves toward the Ka'bah, they can still pray by using their mental direction towards the Qibla and adopting a suitable position for prayer.
Thus, a Muslim on the Moon would strive to mentally direct themselves towards the Ka'bah and perform their prayers, adapting their physical posture as needed in accordance with these teachings.
Sources
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Al-Kafi 4:77
Al-Kafi · Book 4, Hadith 77
I heard Abu Abdullah (peace be upon him) say: We are the custodians of Allah’s command, the trustees of Allah’s knowledge, and the dignity of Allah’s revelation. — OR — He said, "Look into your heart, and if your companion is displeased, then know that one of you has caused some harm." — OR — I asked him about praying at night and day when neither the sun, the moon, nor the stars are visible. He said, "Make your best effort to determine the Qibla." — OR — Ali (peace be upon him) said that when a man catches fish and it struggles, moves its tail and blinks its eyes, that is the sign of its life. — OR — During the time of Ali (peace be upon him), children were playing with their slingshots; one threw a stone at the other hitting the four teeth of his companion. The case was brought before the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), who ruled in favor of the thrower because he warned, so retaliation was averted. Then he said, 'Whoever is killed by the legal limit has no blood money.'
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Al-Kafi 4:540
Al-Kafi · Book 4, Hadith 540
I asked Abd Salih about the saying of Almighty God, "Say, surely my Lord has forbidden only lewdness, what is apparent of it and what is concealed." He said, "The Qur’an has an apparent and a hidden meaning. All that God forbade in the Qur’an is its apparent and hidden parts among the unjust Imams. And all that God permitted in the Book is its apparent and hidden parts among the Imams of truth." — OR — Regarding the person reached by the prayer who is above the Ka'ba, he said, "If he stands, he has no Qibla. But he lies on his back, opens his eyes towards the sky, mentally directs himself to the Qibla in the sky, the Ma'mur House, and recites. When he wants to bow, he closes his eyes, and when he wants to raise his head from bowing, he opens his eyes. Prostration is done likewise."
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