How does Muslim teaching on the person of Jesus differ from that of Christian teaching?

Muslim teachings about Jesus differ significantly from Christian teachings in several key aspects, primarily concerning his nature and role.

In Islam, Jesus (known as 'Isa) is regarded as a highly esteemed prophet and messenger of Allah, but he is not considered divine or the son of God. The Qur'an emphasizes that Jesus was created by Allah, just like Adam. It states: Lo! the likeness of Jesus with Allah is as the likeness of Adam. He created him of dust, then He said unto him: Be! and he is. 3:59. This verse establishes that both Jesus and Adam share a common origin as creations of Allah, which fundamentally contrasts with the Christian belief in Jesus as the divine Son of God.

Furthermore, the Qur'an addresses the views of the Jews and Christians regarding each other, asserting: And the Jews say the Christians follow nothing (true), and the Christians say the Jews follow nothing (true); yet both are readers of the Scripture. Even thus speak those who know not. Allah will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection concerning that wherein they differ. 2:113. This verse highlights the theological disputes among the Abrahamic faiths and underscores the belief in a final judgment by Allah concerning these differences.

Additionally, Muslims believe in the miraculous birth of Jesus and acknowledge his miracles, such as healing the blind and lepers and raising the dead, but they attribute these miracles to Allah's permission rather than divine power inherent within Jesus himself. In contrast, mainstream Christian doctrine holds that Jesus is part of the Holy Trinity, which includes God the Father, God the Son, and the Holy Spirit, thus affirming his divinity and unique sonship.

In summary, while both Muslims and Christians hold Jesus in high regard, the fundamental differences lie in his nature, with Islam rejecting any notion of divinity and sonship, placing him instead within the broader context of prophethood.