How many writing styles of Mushaf Quran that exist?

The Qur'an has been revealed in various styles of recitation known as "Qira'at," which refer to the different methods of pronunciation and articulation. According to Islamic tradition, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ received the Qur'an in seven different readings or dialects. This multiplicity allows for variations in pronunciation, word choice, and even grammatical structures, while preserving the overall meaning of the text.

The Prophet ﷺ himself mentioned the diversity in recitation when he stated, "Indeed, Allah commands you to have your nation recite the Qur’an on one dialect." When he expressed concern that his people would not be able to bear this, Gabriel informed him that the command was adjusted to allow recitation in seven dialects. Thus, the Prophet ﷺ affirmed, So whichever dialect they recite upon, it is correct. Sahih Muslim 6:334SunniSAHIH.

These readings can be categorized into two types: "mutawatir" readings, which are those that have been transmitted by numerous chains of narrators, and "ahad" readings, which have fewer narrators. The most recognized among the seven readings are those attributed to well-known reciters such as Hafs, Warsh, and others. Each reading has its own set of rules and characteristics, contributing to the rich tradition of Qur'anic recitation in the Islamic faith.

Overall, the existence of multiple styles of recitation highlights the flexibility and depth of the Qur'an, allowing it to be accessible and meaningful to diverse communities throughout history.