How to continue salat if one joins the jamaat late, and imam performs a sajd-e-sahw?
If a person joins the congregation (jamaat) late and the imam performs a sajdah of sahw (prostration of forgetfulness), they should follow specific steps to continue their prayer correctly.
According to a narration from Al-Kafi, when a person arrives at the mosque while the imam is already ahead of them by one or more cycles, the imam should take their hand to place them closest to the congregation and lead them. The narration states, He should complete the congregation's prayer, then sit until after the final testimony, the imam signals with his hand to the right and left which is the salam and the end of their prayer and completes what he missed or has remaining
Al-Kafi 4:502.
This means that once the person has joined the prayer, they should complete the units they missed after the imam finishes the prayer. If the imam performs a sajdah of sahw, the latecomer should still follow the imam through this action, as it is part of the prayer he is leading. After the imam concludes the prayer with the salutation, the individual can then complete any remaining units of their prayer.
Sources
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Al-Kafi 4:502
Al-Kafi · Book 4, Hadith 502
I entered upon Ali ibn Musa al-Ridha (peace be upon him) and said to him, "Are there two imams?" He said, "No, except that one of them is silent." I said, "How is that? You are not silent, and Abu Ja'far has not yet been born." He said, "By God, God will create from me one who will establish the truth and its people and obliterate falsehood and its people." Abu Ja'far (peace be upon him) was born to him after a year. Ibn Qiyama was asked, "Doesn't this verse convince you?" He replied, "By God, it is a great verse, but what can I do about what Abu Abdullah (peace be upon him) said about his son?" — OR — I asked about a man who arrives at the mosque while the imam is already ahead of him by one or more cycles. The imam rises and takes his hand to place him closest to the congregation and leads him. He said: He should complete the congregation's prayer, then sit until after the final testimony, the imam signals with his hand to the right and left which is the salam and the end of their prayer and completes what he missed or has remaining.
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