Is drawing or photographing people prohibited in Islam?

The question of whether drawing or photographing people is prohibited in Islam has differing views among scholars in the Sunni and Shia traditions.

According to Sunni scholarship, as reflected in Tafsir Ibn Kathir, there is a strong emphasis on the prohibition of creating images of living beings. This stems from several hadiths that indicate that those who create images will be punished by Allah unless they can bring those images to life. For instance, it is narrated that the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said, Whoever makes a picture will be punished by Allah till he puts life in it, and he will never be able to put life in it. Sahih al-Bukhari 34:428 This highlights the concern that creating such images could lead to idolatry or distraction from worship.

In contrast, Shia scholarship, as reflected in Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, acknowledges the dislike for images but appears to be more lenient in practice. For example, Imam Abu Ja'far (Al-Baqir) stated, I dislike it, however, today it is not harmful to you. Had justice been established you would see how it is dealt with. Al-Kafi 49:5202 This indicates a recognition of contemporary practices and the potential for images in certain contexts.

In summary, while Sunni scholars generally hold a stricter view against drawing or photographing people, Shia scholars may allow it under certain conditions, reflecting a more nuanced approach. For a ruling that applies to your specific situation, it is advisable to consult a qualified local scholar.