Is it haram for a man to look at naked women in Islam?

Sources

• ✓ 24:30 · An-Noor

  24:30 · Muhammad Marmaduke Pickthall

  قُل لِّلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَغُضُّوا۟ مِنْ أَبْصَٰرِهِمْ وَيَحْفَظُوا۟ فُرُوجَهُمْ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ أَزْكَىٰ لَهُمْ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ خَبِيرٌۢ بِمَا يَصْنَعُونَ

  Tell the believing men to lower their gaze and be modest. That is purer for them. Lo! Allah is aware of what they do.

• ✓ Tafsir Ibn Kathir on 24:30

  Sunni

  Tafsir Ibn Kathir · 24:30

  This command from Allah, Exalted is He, to His believing servants is that they lower their gaze from what He has forbidden for them to look at; they should not look except at what has been permitted to them. They are to lower their eyes from forbidden matters. If, by chance, the gaze falls on something unlawful without intent, it should immediately be averted. This was narrated in a hadith recorded by Muslim: Yunus ibn Ubayd reported from Amr ibn Sa'id from Abu Zur'ah ibn Amr ibn Jarir from his grandfather Jarir ibn Abdullah al-Bajali, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: I asked the Prophet, peace be upon him, about an accidental glance, and he commanded me to turn away my gaze quickly. Similarly, Imam Ahmad narrated this through a chain including Hisham and Yunus ibn Ubayd. Abu Dawud, al-Tirmidhi, and an-Nasa'i also recorded the hadith, with al-Tirmidhi describing its authenticity as good and sound. In one narration, it instructs: "Lower your gaze," meaning look down towards the ground. The term "turning away" is broader; it can mean looking to the ground or another direction; Allah knows best. Abu Dawud also narrated from Abdullah ibn Buraydah from his father that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said to Ali, "Do not let one glance follow another, for the first belongs to you, but not the last." Al-Tirmidhi narrated this from Sharik and described it as an unusual report known only from him. In a Sahih hadith, Abu Sa'id reported that the Messenger of Allah said, "Avoid sitting in the highways (where temptation occurs)." They said, "O Messenger of Allah, we need places to sit and converse." The Prophet replied, "If you must, then give the road its due right." They asked, "What is the right of the road, O Messenger of Allah?" He said, "Lowering the gaze, restraining harm, returning greetings, enjoining good, and forbidding evil." Abu al-Qasim al-Baghawi narrates a report where Abu Umamah said that the Prophet said, "Uphold for me six things, and I will guarantee Paradise for you: When one of you speaks, do not lie; when entrusted, do not betray; when promising, do not break your promise; lower your gaze; restrain your hands; guard your private parts." In Sahih al-Bukhari it is reported, "Whoever will guarantee for me what is between his jaws and what is between his legs, I will guarantee Paradise for him." This is understood as guarding the tongue and chastity. Abdul Razzaq narrated from Ma'mar from Ayyub from Ibn Sirin from Ubaidah stating that everything disobeying Allah is a major sin, and he mentioned both sides: the lowering of the gaze as commanded in the verse. Since gazing leads to corruption of the heart, as some early scholars said, "The glance is like poisoned arrows to the heart," Allah commanded to guard the private parts just as He commanded to guard the eyes, for the eyes can provoke immorality. The verse also commands: "Tell the believers to lower their gaze and guard their private parts." Guarding the private parts here sometimes means preventing fornication—except with wives or those whom one's right hand possesses, as Allah says—and sometimes means guarding them from wrongful looking, as in authentic hadiths: "Guard your nakedness except from your spouse or whom your right hand possesses." The phrase "That is purer for them" refers to purer hearts and a more sincere religion. It has been said, "Whoever guards his gaze, Allah grants him a light in his insight" or "in his heart." Imam Ahmad narrated from a chain going back to the Prophet that he said, "No Muslim looks at the beauty of a woman [for the first time] then turns away his gaze except that Allah replaces it for him with a worship that he finds its sweetness." This narration is reported from Ibn Umar, Hudhayfah, and Aisha, may Allah be pleased with them. Its chain is weak but it is accepted for encouragement and similar types may be allowed. In al-Tabarani's collections, a narration from Abu Umamah relays the Prophet's words: "You must lower your gaze, guard your private parts, and keep your faces modest—or your faces will be humiliated." Al-Tabarani also related from Abdullah ibn Mas'ud that the Prophet said, "The glance is an arrow of Satan, poisoned; whoever abandons it fearing Me, I will replace it with faith that he finds sweet in his heart." Allah is fully aware of what people conceal in their hearts and what they display, as He says, "He knows the treachery of the eyes and what the hearts conceal." In a Sahih report from Abu Hurayrah, the Prophet said, "The son of Adam has been allotted a portion of zina (adultery), inevitably. The zina of the eyes is looking; the zina of the tongue is speaking; the zina of the ears is listening; the zina of the hands is touching; the zina of the feet is walking toward sin; the soul desires and longs, and the private parts confirm or deny accordingly." Many early scholars discouraged men from gazing even at women of unfamiliar appearance. Several imams of Sufism were strict about this, forbidding it as it leads to temptation. Others imposed stringent restrictions. Ibn Abi al-Dunya narrated from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet said, "Every eye will weep on the Day of Resurrection except one eye that lowered its gaze from what Allah forbade, one eye that stayed awake in the cause of Allah, and one eye shedding tears out of fear of Allah." In summary, this verse enjoins true believers to restrain their eyes from forbidden sights, lowering their gaze not just as a command but as a means of spiritual purification, preserving their hearts and religion. The many authentic hadiths emphasize the gravity of controlling the gaze, turning it away swiftly if it hesitates upon the forbidden, and promise great rewards for those who uphold this restraint. The guarding of the private parts is connected to guarding the eyes because the eyes can incite temptation leading to sin. Allah's knowledge of all actions, inner and outer, guarantees that sincere obedience is recognized and rewarded.

• ✓ Al-Kafi 3:1153

  Shia

  Al-Kafi · Book 3, Hadith 1153

  I asked Abu Abdullah (peace be upon him) about a man who purchased a sacrifice (udhiyah) but it died or was stolen before he slaughtered it. He said: "No harm if he replaces it, that is better; and if he does not purchase a replacement, then there is no liability on him." — OR — I said to Abu al-Hasan (peace be upon him): "I am afflicted by looking at beautiful women and I am attracted to gazing upon them." He said to me: "O Ali, there is no harm if Allah knows sincerity in your intention. But beware of adultery, for it destroys blessings and ruins religion."