Is it permissible to give zakat to a family member?
Scholars differ on this topic. According to Sunni scholarship, as reflected in Tafsir Ibn Kathir, it is permissible to give zakat to a family member, but it is emphasized that giving zakat to a relative carries an added virtue. The Prophet ﷺ stated: Giving charity to the needy is charity, and to a relative it is twofold: charity and maintaining kinship.
Sunan an-Nasa'i 23:148 This indicates that not only does it fulfill the obligation of zakat, but it also strengthens family ties.
On the other hand, Shia scholarship, as outlined in Al-Kafi, has specific rulings regarding zakat distribution among relatives. It is mentioned that zakat can be given to relatives, except for one's parents and children. Abu Ja'far (peace be upon him) clarified that while one can give zakat to relatives, parents and children are not counted among those eligible for zakat. This is supported by a narration where it is stated: They are entitled to it. I said: Yes. He said: They are better than others, so give to them.
Al-Kafi 5:203
In summary, while both traditions allow for zakat to be given to family members, they have different stipulations regarding who among the relatives can receive zakat. For a ruling that applies to your specific situation, consult a qualified local scholar.
Sources
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Sunan an-Nasa'i 23:148
Sunan an-Nasa'i · Book 23, Hadith 148 · Narrated by Salman ibn 'Aamir
The Prophet, peace be upon him, said, "Giving charity to the needy is charity, and to a relative it is twofold: charity and maintaining kinship."
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Al-Kafi 5:203
Al-Kafi · Book 5, Hadith 203 · Narrated by Musa ibn al-Hasan (a.s.)
I said to Abu al-Hasan Musa (peace be upon him): I have relatives on whom I spend and prefer some over others, and they come to me at the time of Zakat; should I give them from it? He said: They are entitled to it. I said: Yes. He said: They are better than others, so give to them. I asked: Who among my relatives must I give so that I do not count the Zakat on them? He said: Your father and your mother. I said: My father and my mother? He said: The parents and the children.
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