What does the superiority of bani-Israel (Children of Israel) over all beings mean?

The notion of the superiority of the Children of Israel (Bani Israel) over all beings is mentioned in the Qur'an, particularly in verses like O Children of Israel! Remember My favour wherewith I favoured you and how I preferred you to (all) creatures. 2:122. This verse emphasizes the special favor and blessings that Allah bestowed upon them, which included guidance through prophets, divine scriptures, and miraculous provisions.

Tafsir Ibn Kathir explains that this preference refers to the Children of Israel being the most noble and best people of their time compared to other nations, like the Greeks and Copts. They received significant divine gifts, such as guidance through the Torah and the sending of numerous prophets. However, the ultimate meaning extends beyond their era, pointing towards the superiority of the Muslim Ummah, which is seen as having received a more comprehensive and final revelation through the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.

In a similar vein, Majma al-Bayan notes that the phrase "I preferred you above the worlds" can be interpreted as a specific preference in various matters, including the provision of divine blessings and the notable events in their history, like their exodus from Egypt and the miraculous support they received in the wilderness. This preference does not imply that they are superior to all people at all times but highlights their unique status and the significant role they played in the history of prophethood.

Thus, the superiority of the Children of Israel denotes a recognition of their unique blessings and responsibilities during their time, while also signaling the ultimate elevation of the Muslim community in the context of divine guidance and purpose.