What is Ijmaa? How is it established?

Ijmaa, in Islamic jurisprudence, refers to the consensus of scholars on a particular legal issue. It is considered one of the sources of Islamic law, alongside the Qur'an and Sunnah. Ijmaa is crucial because it signifies a collective agreement among knowledgeable individuals, which can provide clarity and guidance on matters that may not be explicitly covered in the Qur'an or Hadith.

The establishment of Ijmaa requires certain conditions. First, it must be based on the agreement of scholars who are knowledgeable in Islamic law. Second, the consensus must be on a specific issue, and it should be recognized by the majority of scholars of a particular time. The agreement must also be based on sound reasoning and evidence derived from the Qur'an and Sunnah.

While the Qur'an does not explicitly mention Ijmaa, it emphasizes the importance of unity and consultation among believers. For instance, in Surah Aal-i-Imraan, it is stated: They believe in Allah and the Last Day, and enjoin right conduct and forbid indecency, and vie one with another in good works. These are of the righteous. 3:114. This verse highlights the importance of collective action and moral guidance, which aligns with the concept of Ijmaa.

In the context of Islamic scholarship, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ also encouraged consultation and collective decision-making, which further supports the validity of Ijmaa.