What is the definition of a kaffir?
In Islamic terminology, a "kaffir" or disbeliever is someone who rejects or denies the fundamental beliefs and tenets of Islam. The concept of disbelief is significant within Islamic teachings, as it pertains to one's faith and relationship with God.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ warned against hastily labeling others as disbelievers. He said: Whoever calls a Muslim a disbeliever, if indeed he is a disbeliever, then the label returns to the accuser; otherwise the accuser is the disbeliever.
Sunan Abu Dawud 42:92. This narration emphasizes the gravity of such a declaration and the importance of understanding the implications of one's words regarding another's faith.
Additionally, the Qur'an addresses the characteristics of those who are considered disbelievers, such as those who debar others from the path of Allah and deny the Hereafter, as seen in verses like: Who debar (men) from the way of Allah and would have it crooked, and who are disbelievers in the Hereafter.
11:19. This illustrates that disbelief encompasses not just a rejection of faith but also active opposition to the message of Islam.
Sources
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11:19 · Hud
11:19 · Muhammad Marmaduke Pickthall
ٱلَّذِينَ يَصُدُّونَ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَيَبْغُونَهَا عِوَجًۭا وَهُم بِٱلْءَاخِرَةِ هُمْ كَٰفِرُونَ
Who debar (men) from the way of Allah and would have it crooked, and who are disbelievers in the Hereafter.
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Sunan Abu Dawud 42:92
Sunan Abu Dawud · Book 42, Hadith 92 · Narrated by Ibn Umar
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, "Whoever calls a Muslim a disbeliever, if indeed he is a disbeliever, then the label returns to the accuser; otherwise the accuser is the disbeliever."
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