Who is a Jew... According to Muslims?

In Islamic thought, Jews are recognized as the followers of Prophet Musa (Moses) and are referred to as "Yahud." This term is derived from the root meaning "to repent" or "to return," reflecting the belief that they were called to follow the guidance of Allah as revealed in the Tawrah (Torah). The Qur'an mentions Jews in various contexts, affirming their historical role as a community that received divine revelation.

In Surah Al-Baqara, the Qur'an states: And they say: Be Jews or Christians, then ye will be rightly guided. Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Nay, but (we follow) the religion of Abraham, the upright, and he was not of the idolaters. 2:135 This verse indicates that while Jews are recognized as a significant religious group, the true guidance is found in the religion of Abraham, which is upheld by Muslims.

Additionally, the Qur'an acknowledges the Jews as part of the broader community of believers, stating: Lo! Those who believe (in that which is revealed unto thee, Muhammad), and those who are Jews, and Christians, and Sabaeans - whoever believeth in Allah and the Last Day and doeth right - surely their reward is with their Lord, and there shall no fear come upon them neither shall they grieve. 2:62 This verse emphasizes that righteousness and belief in Allah are the key criteria for salvation, transcending specific religious identities.

Tafsir Ibn Kathir explains that faith and righteous deeds are essential for salvation, indicating that individuals from various faith traditions, including Jews, can attain divine reward through their belief and actions. This perspective reflects a broader understanding of inclusivity within the Islamic framework concerning the Abrahamic faiths.

In summary, Jews, in the context of Islamic belief, are seen as followers of a prophet and a community that has historically received Allah's guidance, with an emphasis on the importance of faith and righteous conduct.