Who were sentenced to death during the conquest of Mecca?
During the conquest of Mecca, several individuals were sentenced to death. Notably, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ named four men whom he would not trust in lawful or unlawful matters. Sunan Abu Dawud records: On the day of the conquest of Mecca, the Prophet, peace be upon him, named four men he would not trust in lawful or unlawful matters. Two of them were from the Muqayqis; he killed one and the other escaped and later embraced Islam.
Sunan Abu Dawud 15:208.
Additionally, there were other individuals from the Quraysh tribe who were cursed by the Prophet ﷺ during this period. Sahih Muslim narrates: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) faced the Kaaba and cursed six men of Quraysh among them Abu Jahl, Umayyah ibn Khalaf, Utbah ibn Rabi'ah, Shaybah ibn Rabi'ah, and 'Uqbah ibn Abi Mu'ayt, swearing by Allah that he saw them fallen at Badr, overtaken by the sun, and it was a hot day.
Sahih Muslim 32:134.
Furthermore, there was an incident involving the tribe of Khuzā‘ah, which led to further consequences. Sahih Muslim states: The tribe of Khuzā‘ah killed a man from Banū Layth during the conquest of Makkah—a man from their own side they had slain. When the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, was informed of this, he mounted his camel and delivered a sermon, saying: 'Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, has forbidden (harming) Makkah from the time of the Elephant, and He has assigned His Messenger and the believers over it. Verily, it was not permissible for anyone before me, nor will it be for anyone after me, except that it is permitted to me for one hour of the day. Indeed, this is that hour, and during it, no thorn shall be hacked, no branch shall be broken, nor shall fallen fruit be picked up, except by one who seeks it, and whoever kills a person for whom a blood-wit has been claimed is in the best of circumstances; either he is paid the blood-wit, or the family of the slain is taken captive.'
Sahih Muslim 15:510.
These events illustrate the serious consequences of certain actions during the conquest and show the Prophet's ﷺ commitment to justice and the sanctity of Mecca.
Sources
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Sunan Abu Dawud 15:208
Sunan Abu Dawud · Book 15, Hadith 208 · Narrated by null
On the day of the conquest of Mecca, the Prophet, peace be upon him, named four men he would not trust in lawful or unlawful matters. Two of them were from the Muqayqis; he killed one and the other escaped and later embraced Islam.
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Sahih Muslim 32:134
Sahih Muslim · Book 32, Hadith 134 · Narrated by Abdullah
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) faced the Kaaba and cursed six men of Quraysh among them Abu Jahl, Umayyah ibn Khalaf, Utbah ibn Rabi'ah, Shaybah ibn Rabi'ah, and 'Uqbah ibn Abi Mu'ayt, swearing by Allah that he saw them fallen at Badr, overtaken by the sun, and it was a hot day.
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Sahih Muslim 15:510
Sahih Muslim · Book 15, Hadith 510 · Narrated by Abu Huraira
The tribe of Khuzā‘ah killed a man from Banū Layth during the conquest of Makkah—a man from their own side they had slain. When the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, was informed of this, he mounted his camel and delivered a sermon, saying: "Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, has forbidden (harming) Makkah from the time of the Elephant, and He has assigned His Messenger and the believers over it. Verily, it was not permissible for anyone before me, nor will it be for anyone after me, except that it is permitted to me for one hour of the day. Indeed, this is that hour, and during it, no thorn shall be hacked, no branch shall be broken, nor shall fallen fruit be picked up, except by one who seeks it, and whoever kills a person for whom a blood-wit has been claimed is in the best of circumstances; either he is paid the blood-wit, or the family of the slain is taken captive." Then came a man from Yemen called Abu Shah and said, "Write for me, O Messenger of Allah!" and the Prophet commanded to write for Abu Shah. Then a man from Quraysh—except the Idhkhir—said, "We shall throw him in our homes and graves." The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said, "Except the Idhkhir."
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