Why are dogs as pets considered haram?

The view on dogs as pets in Islamic law varies between traditions, often revolving around their cleanliness and the Prophet Muhammad's ﷺ instructions.

According to Sunni scholarship, as reflected in Tafsir Ibn Kathir, dogs are generally considered impure (najis), which influences the ruling on keeping them as pets. The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ instructed: The Messenger of Allah commanded to kill dogs except a hunting dog or a herding dog. When it was said to him, 'Abu Huraira said or a farm dog,' he replied, 'Abu Huraira possesses property.' Sunan al-Tirmidhi 18:30SunniSahih (per Al-Albani). This statement indicates that while certain types of dogs are permissible for specific purposes, the general sentiment leans toward discouraging the keeping of dogs as pets.

Conversely, Shia scholarship, as reflected in Majma al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an on 5:4, discusses the context of dogs in society. It notes that while the Prophet ﷺ allowed certain dogs, the emphasis is on the benefit they provide, such as hunting or herding, rather than companionship. The rulings also focus on the cleanliness and the necessity of invoking Allah's name on animals that are kept for such purposes.

In summary, while Sunni views generally discourage keeping dogs as pets due to concerns about purity and specific hadith, Shia perspectives emphasize the intended utility of dogs. For a ruling that applies to your specific situation, consult a qualified local scholar.