Why does Islam seem so much more like Judaism than like Christianity?

Islam shares significant commonalities with both Judaism and Christianity, but there are particular aspects where it aligns more closely with Judaism. The Qur'an itself addresses the relationship between these faiths, emphasizing shared elements while also highlighting differences.

In Surah Al-Baqara, the Qur'an notes the claims made by Jews and Christians regarding each other's faiths, stating: And the Jews say the Christians follow nothing (true), and the Christians say the Jews follow nothing (true); yet both are readers of the Scripture. 2:113. This verse illustrates the theological disputes among the three religions and sets the stage for understanding their connections and distinctions.

Furthermore, it is essential to recognize that Islam regards itself as a continuation and completion of the monotheistic tradition that began with figures such as Abraham, who is revered in all three religions. In another verse, the Prophet Muhammad is instructed to respond to those who suggest that he should adopt Judaism or Christianity for guidance: Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Nay, but (we follow) the religion of Abraham, the upright, and he was not of the idolaters. 2:135. This highlights Islam's claim to be the true successor of Abrahamic faith, aligning closely with Jewish monotheism.

In addition to theological teachings, the practices and laws in Islam, including dietary restrictions, prayer rituals, and observances of religious law, show similarities to Jewish traditions. For instance, both Judaism and Islam emphasize strict monotheism, the importance of law, and ethical conduct derived from divine commandments.

On the other hand, Christianity introduces concepts such as the Trinity and the divinity of Jesus, which are not present in Islam or Judaism. The Qur'an emphasizes the oneness of God and the human nature of the prophets, including Jesus, who is revered as a prophet but not as divine.

In summary, Islam's strong ties to Judaism stem from its roots in the same monotheistic tradition, the reverence for shared prophets, and the emphasis on law and ethical conduct. This is in contrast to Christianity, which introduces distinct theological concepts that diverge from the strict monotheism central to both Judaism and Islam.