Why is Islam often perceived as sexist, aggressive and leaning towards genuine threats and violence?

The perception of Islam as sexist or aggressive often stems from a misunderstanding of its teachings and the context behind certain verses and practices.

Regarding sexism, some interpretations of verses such as Men are in charge of women, because Allah hath made the one of them to excel the other 4:34 have led to the belief that Islam promotes male superiority. However, tafsir and scholarly interpretations suggest a more nuanced understanding. For instance, Al-Mizan explains that the verse addresses the responsibilities assigned to men, particularly in the context of family and financial support, rather than suggesting inherent superiority. It emphasizes the idea that roles are complementary rather than hierarchical.

On the subject of aggression, certain verses about warfare, such as Warfare therein is a great (transgression), but to turn (men) from the way of Allah... is a greater with Allah 2:217, have been cited to portray Islam as violent. However, Ibn Kathir clarifies that such verses are contextual, addressing specific historical conflicts faced by the early Muslim community. The principles of warfare in Islam are heavily regulated, emphasizing justice and mercy even in conflict. Al-Mizan further notes that fighting is not arbitrary; it is a response to persecution rather than a means to impose faith.

Moreover, the actions of some individuals or groups claiming to represent Islam, often involving violence or discrimination, contribute to these perceptions. However, these actions often contradict the core teachings of Islam, which advocate for peace, justice, and respect for all individuals.

The teachings of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ also emphasize compassion and understanding. For example, the Prophet ﷺ instructed to "deal with them gently" (Al-Mizan) and highlighted the importance of kindness towards all, including adversaries.

Ultimately, the misconceptions about Islam arise from a combination of selective interpretations, historical contexts, and the actions of individuals, rather than the essence of the faith itself.